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septic arthritis

Septic arthritis is the purulent invasion of a joint by an infectious agent which produces arthritis. People with artificial joints are more at risk than the general population but have slightly different symptoms, are infected with different organisms and require different treatment. ...


Septic, or infectious, arthritis is infection of one or more joints by microorganisms. Normally, the joint is lubricated with a small amount of fluid that is referred to as synovial fluid or joint fluid. The normal joint fluid is sterile and, if removed and cultured in the laboratory, no microbes will be detected. With septic arthritis, microbes are identifiable in an affected joint fluid.




Most commonly, septic arthritis affects a single joint, but occasionally more joints are involved. The joints affected vary somewhat depending on the microbe causing the infection and the predisposing risk factors of the person affected. Septic arthritis is also called infectious arthritis.


Septic arthritis facts




Septic arthritis is infection of one or more joints by microorganisms.


Septic arthritis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.


Risks for the development of septic arthritis include taking immune-suppression medicines, intravenous drug abuse, past joint disease, injury or surgery, and underlying medical illnesses, including diabetes, alcoholism, sickle cell disease, rheumatic diseases, and immune deficiency disorders.


Symptoms of septic arthritis include fever, chills, as well as joint pain, swelling, redness, stiffness, and warmth.


Septic arthritis is diagnosed by identifying infected joint fluid.


Septic arthritis is treated with antibiotics and drainage of the infected joint fluid from the joint.

Medial plica irritation: diagnosis and treatment

Additional article information

Abstract

Medial plica irritation of the knee is a very common source of anterior knee pain. Patients can complain of pain over the anteromedial aspect of their knees and describe episodes of crepitation, catching, and pseudo-locking events with activities. Patients commonly have pain on physical examination upon rolling the plica fold of tissue over the anteromedial aspect of their knees and often have tight hamstrings. The majority of the patients will respond well to a non-operative treatment program consisting of quadriceps strengthening along with concurrent hamstring stretching. In cases which do not respond initially to an exercise program, an intraarticular steroid injection may be indicated. In those few patients who do not respond to a non-operative treatment program, an arthroscopic resection of their medial plica may be indicated, especially in those cases where a shelf-like plica has been found to be causing damage to the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle.

Keywords: Plica irritation

Anatomy

The medial plica of the knee is a thin, well-vascularized intraarticular fold of the joint lining, or synovial tissue, over the medial aspect of the knee (Fig. 1). It is present in everyone, but is more prominent in some people. It has been noted to be present as a shelf of tissue over the medial aspect of the knee at the time of arthroscopic surgery in up to 95% of patients . Proximally, it is attached to the genu articularis muscle, while distally it courses over the far medial aspect of the medial femoral condyle to attach to the distomedial aspect of the intraarticular synovial lining of the knee. At this location, it basically blends into the medial patellotibial ligament on the medial aspect of the retropatellar fat pad . The medial plica is composed of relatively

Do you suffer from menopause and arthritis?

Climb a life free from arthritis menopause

Recent studies have shown that women in their late forties and early fifties show signs of menopause arthritis - a form of arthritis triggered by menopause. Was it not enough that menopause put on hot flashes, night sweats and a variety of aches and pains that kept a woman the night, menopausal arthritis was added to the list? The thought of a staircase that makes you want to escape and makes you want to move to a more expensive but comfortable apartment on the ground floor.

But before you start looking to adapt your lifestyle to adapt to this new phenomenon, to understand what is happening with your body first.

Understand what is arthritis

Osteoarthritis or Arthritis is a common complaint of women in the age group between thirty to fifty years. Arthritis is due to wear of the cartilage around joints. As this wear is progressive arthritis is usually a complaint of people belonging to any age group.

Menopause Arthritis - What is the link between the two?

Arthritis has always been a complaint with women than men. The logic linking hormone menopause with arthritis seems to be the hormone estrogen. When a woman's ovaries stop producing eggs during menopause her body undergoes hormonal imbalances. In particular, the levels of the hormone in the body of a woman starts reducing. Researchers have established the responsibility of arthritis on estrogen for the following reasons:

? The onset of arthritis to double the number of women than the number of men suggests that trigger arthritis must have some exclusive hormone in the female body

? pregnant women experienced symptoms of arthritis stronger than the average woman. A pregnant woman is also known to have higher estrogen levels

There are many causes that trigger arthritis. While estrogen leads the race in this case, there are other changes in the female body that affect arthritis. During menopause, due to hormonal imbalances, a woman is prone to gain more weight. The weight gained adds more pressure on the knees, causing further cartilage wear.

Estrogen addition, there are other hormones in the body of a woman, who know the imbalance caused by menopause. The secretion of these hormones causes tissue and cartilages around joints deteriorate faster.

Menopausal arthritis can it be avoided?

There is no foolproof plan that will keep you free from the clutches of menopause arthritis. However, the onset of arthritis can be prevented by taking small but of simple steps:

- Application hormones topical creams on the pains that start early may delay the onset of arthritis. These creams are designed to balance estrogen levels in the body and thus help relieve the pain caused by inflammation

-Regulating your diet and switching to a gluten free diet will ensure that you do not gain more weight and add more pressure on your knees, facilitating wear tissue around the knee joints. Weight gain also affect other joints of the knee and more like the back, ankles and wrists

- Use an anti-inflammatory cream for moderate peri-menopause delays the onset of menopause arthritis

-Use of supplements to strengthen bones at an early age, prevents the early onset of arthritis

Herbs that can help arthritis menopause

There are also home remedies you can use when you first encounter pain in the joints. Indian researchers have placed great confidence in the practice of Ayurveda and the use of medicinal herbs to relieve the aches and pains that lead to arthritis caused by menopause.

- Boswellia - An Indian plant without side effects stops the inflammation in the joints and release of biochemical substances that cause pain. Many women who have used this herb during perimenopause menopause had a free joint pain and back

- Turmeric - Turmeric is the wonder herb of India. Uses of turmeric are vast and varied, mainly used as an antiseptic to treat wounds, turmeric is known to have curcumin reduces inflammation and relieves pain. Application of turmeric paste on painful joints reduces pain

- Cayenne - More popularly known as a spice, Cayenne contains capsaicin works as a soothing analgesic on joint pain. Capsaicin actually encourages the body to release its own hormones responsible for pain

Although menopause arthritis is a painful truth most women have to deal with, it should not become a way of life. There are natural and medical means to prolong the onset of arthritis and to cope with an early onset. The transition to a more healthy and take care of your body at an age earlier diet will help you have a more comfortable menopause and painlessly.

In conclusion, the best practices for arthritis or one of the other 34 menopause symptom handling is a proactive approach to staying healthy, eating a clean, adding more fiber per day each meal, low in fat and sugar intake, and exercise at least 30 minutes every day.

Do you suffer from menopause and arthritis?

Climb a life free from arthritis menopause

Recent studies have shown that women in their late forties and early fifties show signs of menopause arthritis - a form of arthritis triggered by menopause. Was it not enough that menopause put on hot flashes, night sweats and a variety of aches and pains that kept a woman the night, menopausal arthritis was added to the list? The thought of a staircase that makes you want to escape and makes you want to move to a more expensive but comfortable apartment on the ground floor.

But before you start looking to adapt your lifestyle to adapt to this new phenomenon, to understand what is happening with your body first.

Understand what is arthritis

Osteoarthritis or Arthritis is a common complaint of women in the age group between thirty to fifty years. Arthritis is due to wear of the cartilage around joints. As this wear is progressive arthritis is usually a complaint of people belonging to any age group.

Menopause Arthritis - What is the link between the two?

Arthritis has always been a complaint with women than men. The logic linking hormone menopause with arthritis seems to be the hormone estrogen. When a woman's ovaries stop producing eggs during menopause her body undergoes hormonal imbalances. In particular, the levels of the hormone in the body of a woman starts reducing. Researchers have established the responsibility of arthritis on estrogen for the following reasons:

? The onset of arthritis to double the number of women than the number of men suggests that trigger arthritis must have some exclusive hormone in the female body

? pregnant women experienced symptoms of arthritis stronger than the average woman. A pregnant woman is also known to have higher estrogen levels

There are many causes that trigger arthritis. While estrogen leads the race in this case, there are other changes in the female body that affect arthritis. During menopause, due to hormonal imbalances, a woman is prone to gain more weight. The weight gained adds more pressure on the knees, causing further cartilage wear.

Estrogen addition, there are other hormones in the body of a woman, who know the imbalance caused by menopause. The secretion of these hormones causes tissue and cartilages around joints deteriorate faster.

Menopausal arthritis can it be avoided?

There is no foolproof plan that will keep you free from the clutches of menopause arthritis. However, the onset of arthritis can be prevented by taking small but of simple steps:

- Application hormones topical creams on the pains that start early may delay the onset of arthritis. These creams are designed to balance estrogen levels in the body and thus help relieve the pain caused by inflammation

-Regulating your diet and switching to a gluten free diet will ensure that you do not gain more weight and add more pressure on your knees, facilitating wear tissue around the knee joints. Weight gain also affect other joints of the knee and more like the back, ankles and wrists

- Use an anti-inflammatory cream for moderate peri-menopause delays the onset of menopause arthritis

-Use of supplements to strengthen bones at an early age, prevents the early onset of arthritis

Herbs that can help arthritis menopause

There are also home remedies you can use when you first encounter pain in the joints. Indian researchers have placed great confidence in the practice of Ayurveda and the use of medicinal herbs to relieve the aches and pains that lead to arthritis caused by menopause.

- Boswellia - An Indian plant without side effects stops the inflammation in the joints and release of biochemical substances that cause pain. Many women who have used this herb during perimenopause menopause had a free joint pain and back

- Turmeric - Turmeric is the wonder herb of India. Uses of turmeric are vast and varied, mainly used as an antiseptic to treat wounds, turmeric is known to have curcumin reduces inflammation and relieves pain. Application of turmeric paste on painful joints reduces pain

- Cayenne - More popularly known as a spice, Cayenne contains capsaicin works as a soothing analgesic on joint pain. Capsaicin actually encourages the body to release its own hormones responsible for pain

Although menopause arthritis is a painful truth most women have to deal with, it should not become a way of life. There are natural and medical means to prolong the onset of arthritis and to cope with an early onset. The transition to a more healthy and take care of your body at an age earlier diet will help you have a more comfortable menopause and painlessly.

In conclusion, the best practices for arthritis or one of the other 34 menopause symptom handling is a proactive approach to staying healthy, eating a clean, adding more fiber per day each meal, low in fat and sugar intake, and exercise at least 30 minutes every day.

Food is Complex and Contains Many Types of Molecules

Food is a very complex mixture of different types of very large molecules—the proteins and some carbohydrates; mid-range sized molecules—such as fats; and a wide variety of smaller molecules including vitamins, minerals, small carbohydrates like sugars, and other phytonutrients, which are protective substances found in plants (phyto = plant). Most foods you eat are a mixture of all of these different molecules, and since you need a variety of types of nutrients, your body must be able to digest these varied types of molecules in food.

The size, as well as the type of molecule, makes a difference in how a food is digested, the nutrients that are derived from it, and where these nutrients are taken up by your body. Each type of molecule has its own challenge with respect to digestion.

Iliotibial band syndrome

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS or ITBFS, for iliotibial band friction syndrome) is a common injury to the knee, generally associated with running, cycling, hiking or weight-lifting (especially squats).

Definition

Iliotibial band syndrome is one of the leading causes of lateral knee pain in runners. The iliotibial band is a thick band of fascia on the lateral aspect of the knee, extending from the outside of the pelvis, over the hip and knee, and inserting just below the knee. The band is crucial to stabilizing the knee during running, as it moves from behind the femur to the front of the femur during activity. The continual rubbing of the band over the lateral femoral epicondyle, combined with the repeated flexion and extension of the knee during running may cause the area to become inflamed.

Symptoms

ITBS symptoms range from a stinging sensation just above the knee joint, to swelling or thickening of the tissue in the area where the band moves over the femur. The stinging sensation just above the knee joint is felt on the outside of the knee or along the entire length of the iliotibial band. Pain may not occur immediately during activity, but may intensify over time. Pain is most commonly felt when the foot strikes the ground, and pain might persist after activity. Pain may also be present above and below the knee, where the ITB attaches to the tibia.

Causes

ITBS can result from one or more of the following: training habits, anatomical abnormalities, or muscular imbalances:

Training habits:

Consistently running on a banked surface, which causes the downhill leg to bend slightly inward, causing extreme stretching of the band against the femur (such as the shoulder of a road or an indoor track)

Inadequate warm-up or cool-down

Excessive up-hill and down-hill running

Positioning the feet "toed-in" to an excessive angle when cycling

Running up and down stairs

Hiking long distances

Rowing

Breaststroke

Treading Water

Egg Beater (Water Polo)

Abnormalities in leg/feet anatomy:

High or low arches

Supination of the foot

Excessive lower leg rotation due to over-pronation

Excessive foot strike force

Uneven leg length

Bowlegs or tightness about the iliotibial band.

Muscle imbalance:

Weak hip abductor muscles

Weak/non-firing multifidus muscle

Treatment

While ITBS pain can be acute, the iliotibial band can be rested, iced, compressed and elevated (RICE) to reduce pain and inflammation, followed by stretching.